Network Cabling

Cabling
In cat-3 we use 2 pairs or 4 wires, which is used in telephone. In cat-5 there are 4 pairs or 8 wires. In a pair of wire there is one wire, which is fully colored called solid and second is color with white color called stripe . We measure the cable length in 10 base 5 form, in which 10 means speed, base means band and 5 means 500 m. In 8 pin connector pin no. 1,2,3,6 are used for transmit data on a network.

Connection : -
• Hub- to- PC: - To transmit data from a Hub to PC, we use straight cabling.
• PC- to- PC: - To transmit data from a PC to PC, we use cross cabling.
• Hub- to- Hub: -
• In this type of attachment we attach two hubs, to transmit data from a Hub to Hub, we use cross cabling. But we can attach only 14 PCs with two 8 ports Hub i.e. 2 ports are wasted.
• In this type, we use uplink to attach/connect two hubs. It is a extra port in a hub. In this we attach an uplink to a normal port. When we attach any PC to uplink, we use cross cable, instead of straight because uplink is cross by default which change it into straight.

In straight cabling we connect wires straightly but in this only 10 MBps data can be transmit not 100 MBps. In cross cabling 1 st wire is attached with 3 rd (1-3)and 2 nd with 6 th (2-6). We can also called it rule 13 – 26.

Standards of cable

Cabling standard is defined by the US Telecom .
(i) 586 –A (ii) 586 –B

original changed original changed
1. Green – White (GW) GW OW OW
2. Green (G) G O O
3. Orange – White (OW) OW GW GW
4. Orange (O) B G B
5. Blue – White (BW) BW BW BW
6. Blue (B) O B G
7. Brown – White (Br W) BrW BrW BrW
8. Brown (Br) Br Br Br

Wire attached with pin no. 1 is called TIP . For wiring we use Crimping tool.
Normally we use 586 – A Changed standard because changed sequence support all the networks but the original standard does not support networks, which have used all wires.

Model of Networking

Model means the connectivity of two computers. We have many types of networking models.
(i) Client – Server Model
(ii) Peer to Peer Model (Workgroup Model)
(iii) Domain Model

Client – Server Model

In a Client server model we have one server and many clients. A Client can share the resources of server, but a server cannot share the resources on clients.
On the point of view of administrator it's very easy to control the network because we combine with the server also at security point of view. It is very useful because it uses user level security in which users have to remember only one password to share the resources.

Peer – to - Peer (Workgroup Model)

In this model every computer is capable to share its resources with each other. There is no client and no servers. Every computer share resources with each other.
On the point of view of administrator it's very difficult because every computer shares their resources with each other and they are dependent on each other. Also at security point of view its not safe because it used share level security in which every recourse have their own password and every user have to remember all passwords of all the devices which is very difficult.

Domain Model

It is a mixture of client server and peer-to-peer model. In this clients can share their resources as peer-to-peer but with the permission of the server as in client server model therefore it is commonly used model because in this security is more as we can put restriction on both server and clients. Difference between Workgroup & Domain

Workgroup

1. It is used for small networks
recommended up to 10 computers.
2. Each computer is server as well as client.
3. It contains decentralized user account.
4. It is also known as Peer- to- Peer
networking.
Domain

1. This type of networking support more
than 10 or unlimited clients.
2. It use dedicated server.
3. It contains centralized user account.
4. It is also called domain based
networking.

Role of computer

CLIENT : - On a network, a system which can access resources is called client.
SERVER : - On a network, a system which can provide resources is called server.
PEER : - On a network, a system which can both provide and access resources is called peer.

LOCAL USER : - A user, which can only log on to the workstation where its user account is created.

DOMAIN USER : - A user, which can log on to any of the workstation whose computer account created on domain controller.
In DOS, there is peer to peer networking (workgroup) i.e. they are server and client both. But NOS there is domain based networking.